The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired twice late to seize a surprise advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 seasons.